21^st World Congress on Neonatal & Pediatric Oncology April 15-16, 2019 Osaka, Japan

Neonatology is the medical specialty of taking care of new born and premature babies. Clinical neonatology deals with offering medical assistance and taking care of sick babies, especially in a neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatologists are trained in the cutting-edge medicine necessary not only to keep infants alive, but to help them flourish and become normal, healthy children.

The conference will be an interdisciplinary program of neonatal and perinatal practice and research, giving the opportunity to participants to interact and share clinical and research experiences with colleagues in the neonatology community

Clinical pediatrics investigates about patterns on pediatric medicine for the human services of new-born children, youngsters, and youths through the investigation of pediatric maladies, analysis, treatment and administration. Clinical pediatrics is a therapeutic diary that take after to distribute and to accessible data on a difference in tyke focus mind themes alongside those of a clinical, logical, conduct, instructive, or moral nature. Clinical pediatrics sensitivity is additionally a standout amongst the most essential and generally contemplated regions in novel research of this field. Introductory location of disease in kids additionally is taking prior consideration in clinical pediatrics malignancy. This additionally advances fundamental, transnational and clinical sciences on all territories of pediatric research in all sub specialties

Neonatal & Pediatric Oncology is the term used to comprise all malignant conditions among neonates & children with cancer. The most common childhood cancers are leukemia (begins in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow), lymphoma (cancer in the cells of immune system), neuroblastoma (nerve cells), retinoblastoma (occurs in the tissues of the retina), Wilms tumor (kidney cancer), and brain tumors, such as gliomas. Childhood cancers are very rare and may differ from adult cancers in the way they grow, spread, treated, and respond to treatment.

Pulmonology is a branch of medicine deals with the study of diseases concerning respiratory tract. Pulmonary medicine emphases on the diagnosis, prevention, causes, and treatment of illnesses affecting the lungs. The Pediatric Pulmonary Division offers extensive diagnostic and clinical services to infants, adolescents and children with acute and chronic respiratory disorders.

Hormones play a vital role in lashing a child’s growth and development. Endocrinology is a subdivision of medicine commence mutually on the hormones and the tissues and glands that produce them. Specializations comprise of comparative endocrinology and behavioral endocrinology. Endocrine disorders in the neonates are often diagnosed nowadays. These may lead to life-threatening sequences if not recognized. Some of the neonatal endocrine disorders include congenital hyperplasia, neonatal thyrotoxicosis, and hypopituitarism

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. Blood cells and platelets are produced in the bone marrow of the individual. In leukemia, some new white blood cells (leukocytes) fail to mature properly. These immature white blood cells continue to reproduce at a rapid rate, crowding out healthy cells, and producing a host of symptoms. It is the most common cancer in children and teens. It affects almost one in three with cancer. It is usually described either as “acute”, which grows quickly, or “chronic”, which grows slowly. Most childhood leukemias are acute lymphocytic leukemia  (ALL), it is a type of white blood cells which fights against infection. On the other hand, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is cancer of the blood in which too many myeloblasts, immature white blood cells, are produced in the bone marrow. Chronic leukemia’s are rare in children. Chronic myeloid leukemia  (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are mainly two types of chronic leukemia.

Pediatric & Neonatal Radiology deals with the imaging of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. A medical practitioner who specializes in this field is known as Pediatric Radiologist. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), a type of external beam radiation therapy, is the most commonly used approach for pediatric patients. This technology can precisely target a cancer cell, which reduces the radiation, delivered to the nearby normal tissue and minimizes side effects. X-rays, CT scanning, MRI scanning, Ultrasound and other radiological techniques are used for diagnosis and treatment purposes

Pediatric & Neonatal Hematology involves the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of blood diseases and blood-forming organs in the body of infants, children, and adolescents. A medical practitioner who specializes in the field of pediatric hematology, they will be referred to a Pediatric hematologist. Blood disorders involve problems in the body with blood vessels, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets, bone marrow and lymph nodes. The types of blood disorders in children and teens include; anemia which is a common blood disorder in which there are fewer RBCs (Red Blood Cells) in the body than normal, and concentration of hemoglobin is low in the blood. Sickle Cell disease is a group of blood disorders that prevent normal blood flow because of the effect on the hemoglobin within erythrocytes. It is the most common disorder. There are many other blood disorders that can occur in children, which can be diagnosed and treat by a Pediatric hematologist.

Pediatric & Neonatal Immunology is a branch of pediatrics which deals with immunological or allergic disorders of neonate’s, infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatric Immunology plays important role in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the immune system and it has seriously involved in the development of new diagnostic tests, treatment, and prevention. There are numerous types of organs in our body which plays a vital role in immunological functions. Some of the organs include thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and tonsils.

Dermatology is the subdivision of medicine which deals with the skin, nails, hair and its diseases. It is a field with both medical and surgical aspects. Children sometimes have different symptoms and concerns for skin disorders and skin care when compared to adults. Some skin conditions are commonly seen in childhood and adolescence, like acne or eczema. Pediatric dermatology concentrates on the diagnosis, treatment and management of children’s skin, hair and nail conditions. These conditions can advance as children grow, or they can be existing from birth

Medical imaging denotes diverse technologies that are used to assess the human body to identify, monitor, or treat medical conditions. Moreover, medical imaging is often justified in the continuation of a disease already diagnosed and/or treated. Medical imaging, particularly X-ray based examinations and ultrasonography, is vital at all major levels of health care and in a variety of medical setting. Imaging findings in term neonates must be evaluated according to different rules from those used in other age groups.

An adequate nutrition during cancer plays a significant role in numerous medical outcome measures, such as treatment response, cost of care, and quality of life. Nutrition is relevant to all components of cancer control including epidemiology, prevention, treatment, supportive care, diagnosis, rehabilitation, and survivorship. Nutrition is important for the health of all children, but it is mainly important for children getting cancer treatment. Eating the right kinds of foods before, during, and after treatment can help a child to stay healthy and strong. The main objective of nutrition care for pediatric cancer patients is to achieve normal growth, development, prevent problems, and normal activities.

Pediatric nursing is one of the greatest assets in the medical field to take care of infants, and children up to adolescence, so they may recover optimal health. It is the science of infant care and scientific analysis of childhood. The objective of pediatric is to normalize the life of the child during hospitalization in preparation for the family home, community, and school, reduce the impact of the child's unique condition, and foster maximal growth and development, prevention of disease and elevation of the health of the child. It is classified into different fields, these are neonatal nursing, pediatric emergency nursing, direct nursing care and palliative pediatric nursing (it involves fostering of maximal growth and development).

Neuro-oncology deals with the study of spinal cord and brain neoplasms, many of which are very dangerous and life-threatening. It is a Subdivision of medicine that deals with all tumors of the brain and spinal cord, such as glioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma and ependymoma. The Neuro-Oncology department provides advanced treatment for patients with cancers of the brain and nervous system. Pediatric Neuro-oncology is presently a vibrant field of research. as brain tumors have become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children

Palliative care seeks to improve quality of life. Palliative care can be better explained as the care given for the patients who was suffering with serious or life-threatening disease, such as cancer. It aims to prevent or treat the symptoms and the adverse effects of the cancer as early as possible, in addition to any associated social, psychological and spiritual problems. Palliative care is also known as supportive care, symptom management and comfort care. Anyone, irrespective of age or type and stage of cancer may obtain palliative care before, after, and during treatment. It also firmly influences the course of an illness and when applied early during an illness may extend life

Neuroblastoma is the second most solid tumor in children which affects around 7% of all children with cancer. It is a cancer that progresses from immature nerve cells found in several areas of the body. Neuroblastoma most frequently occurs in and around the adrenal glands, which have similar origins to nerve cells and sit over the kidneys. It can also occur in other areas of the abdomen chest, neck and near the spine, where clusters of nerve cells exist. Neuroblastoma begins in very initial forms of nerve cells, frequently found in an embryo or fetus. Occasionally it forms before birth and can be found during a fetal ultrasound.

The diagnosis of infant cancer can be influenced by many factors and depends on the symptoms a child or adolescent may be suffering. If cancer has spread to another part of the body from where it originated, it is known as metastasis. To perform diagnostic tests there are many diagnoses which are Biopsy and bone marrow aspiration, Blood tests, CT scan (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), PET-CT scan (positron emission tomography), Lumbar puncture (spinal tap), Ultrasound, and X-rays.

\ The most widely used therapies for cancer treatment in children include Chemotherapy (To kill cancer cells drugs are used), Radiation (use of radiant energy or particles to kill cancer cells), and Surgery (to abolish cancerous cells or tumors). The type of treatment needed depends on the child's age and on the type and severity of cancer. Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy remaining cancer cells in the body. A child or teen is generally given the chemotherapy drugs intravenously (through a vein) or orally (by mouth). Radiation therapy is the use of high energy X-rays or other particles such as photons that destroy or damage cancer cells in parts of the body to which cancer has spread. Immunotherapy is designed to boost the body’s natural defenses to fight against the foreign invader or cancer. Also, Bone marrow transplantation is a technique used for the treatment of cancer by producing blood cells for the growth and development.

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Surgical oncology is a field that deals with the surgical treatment of a variety of tumors especially cancerous tumors. The aim of the surgical oncologist is to remove the cancer and an area of healthy tissue adjacent to it, also known as a clear excision or clear margin, to avoid the cancer from repeated occurrence in that area. Pediatric surgery has an important role in treating most infants, children, and adolescent cancers. It is defined as the operative, postoperative, and diagnostic surgical care of patients from prenatal diagnosis through adolescence with inherited and acquired abnormalities and syndromes. A pediatric specialist is known as a pediatric surgeon in this field. It is divided into various types of expertise. Prenatal surgery, it deals with a fetus or unborn child. The other type of expertise in this field is neonatal surgery, which deals with infants. The objective of surgical oncology is to physically eliminate as much of the tumor as safely possible.

Pharmacotherapy (Drug Therapy) can be explained as the term used to define the use of medication to treat a disease It is the therapy which uses pharmaceutical drugs as distinguished from therapy using radiation, movement, surgery or other modes. Pharmacists/pharmacologists are specialists in pharmacotherapy and these are responsible for certifying the safe, suitable, and cost-effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. Pediatric Pharmacotherapy mainly concentrates on the unique therapeutic desires of neonates, infants, children, and adolescents

Orthopaedic oncology deals with the diagnoses and treatment of primary benign and malignant tumors of the bones. Orthopedic oncology is one among the newer sub specialties in orthopedics. Musculoskeletal oncology mainly concentrations on the treatment of benign and malignant tumors and other uncommon lesions of both the pediatric and adult musculoskeletal system. Most Commonly found pediatric musculoskeletal problems include spine and limb malformations recognized at birth or later in life, Bone or joint infections and tumors and Gait abnormalities

Pediatric cancer is generating genetically. The roots of pediatric cancer are hidden deep within the infant’s or child’s DNA. Cancer begins when changes in DNA trigger cells to grow out of control. Genetic predisposition for infant cancer is under diagnosis. Types of genetic testing are Karyotype test, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization test (FISH), DNA sequencing test, Deletion/Duplication test, Methylation analysis test, SNP chromosome microarray test, and Uniparental disomy test.

Inclusive studies about pediatric cancer give traces to cancer etiology, enable prevention and early diagnosis, recognize biologic changes, improve survival rates in low‐income countries (LIC) by enabling quality development initiatives, and increase outcomes in high‐income countries (HIC) through studies of tumor biology and collaborative clinical trials. Classification of Pediatric Cancer, 34% of leukemias, 23% of brain tumors, and 12% of lymphomas, represent the largest diagnostic groups among the below 15-year-old or children and infants.

Transfusion medicine is a vital part in the field of hematology. It is a branch of medicine which is a mixture of laboratory and clinical practices. It is concerned with transfusion of blood and blood components that confirm the best balance between safety and convenience during emergency care or surgery. Transfusion Medicine deals with the collection and testing of blood and also responsible for collecting and processing of hematopoietic stem cells for blood and bone marrow transplantation and also for the testing, essential for organ transplantation. Pre-transfusion testing and blood compatibility testing are specific to pediatric and neonatal transfusion as there are several important differences and special circumstances when compared to adults.

Clinical pharmacology is a swift altering field. It is necessary for cancer care providers and oncologists to keep existing in the developments of pharmacokinetics, clinical trial design and pharmacogenomics. Cancer pharmacology comprise the study of the initial mechanisms of signal transduction accompanying with cell proliferation and apoptosis, the design and discovery of new drugs, the mechanisms of action of anti-neoplastic agents, initial mechanisms of DNA damage tolerance and DNA repair and the development of innovative approaches for gene therapy. Other areas of Cancer Pharmacology research comprise of free radical generation, molecular mechanisms of antioxidant regulation and detoxification, investigations on interleukin therapy, aberrations in the mechanisms of apoptosis linked with tumoral growth. The role of growth factors in the development of hematopoietic and solid tumors is being studied

A person who has had cancer is commonly called a cancer survivor. Cancer survivorship has at least two common meanings: having no signs of cancer after treatment is finished. Another one is a person living with cancer or starts diagnosis. There are three phases of survivorship – acute survivorship (cancer treatment is the focus), extended survivorship (effects of cancer and treatment are the focus), and permanent survivorship (long-term effects of cancer and treatment are the focus).

Pediatric cancer prevention is characterized as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer growth. Most of the cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors, and various, but not all, of these environmental factors, are the controllable way of life choices. An individual's risk of developing cancer can be significantly decreased by healthy activities. Pediatric cancer prevention research includes premedical, medical and translational, with a distinct consideration given to molecular discoveries and an accentuation on constructing a translational bridge between the crucial and clinical sciences.