Pediatric & neonatal Oncology

The most widely used therapies for cancer treatment in children include Chemotherapy (To kill cancer cells drugs are used), Radiation (use of radiant energy or particles to kill cancer cells), and Surgery (to abolish cancerous cells or tumours). The type of treatment needed depends on the child's age and on the type and severity of cancer. Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy remaining cancer cells in the body. A child or teen is generally given the chemotherapy drugs intravenously (through a vein) or orally (by mouth). Radiation therapy is the use of high energy X-rays or other particles such as photons that destroy or damage cancer cells in parts of the body to which cancer has spread. Immunotherapy is designed to boost the body’s natural defenses to fight against the foreign invader or cancer. Also, Bone marrow transplantation is a technique used for the treatment of cancer by producing blood cells for the growth and development.

The diagnosis of infant cancer can be influenced by many factors and depends on the symptoms a child or adolescent may be suffering. If cancer has spread to another part of the body from where it originated, it is known as metastasis. To perform diagnostic tests there are many diagnoses which are Biopsy and bone marrow aspiration, Blood tests, CT scan (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), PET-CT scan (positron emission tomography), Lumbar puncture (spinal tap), Ultrasound, and X-rays.

Neuroblastoma is the second most solid tumour in children which affects around 7% of all children with cancer. It is a cancer that progresses from immature nerve cells found in several areas of the body. Neuroblastoma most frequently occurs in and around the adrenal glands, which have similar origins to nerve cells and sit over the kidneys. It can also occur in other areas of the abdomen chest, neck and near the spine, where clusters of nerve cells exist. Neuroblastoma begins in very initial forms of nerve cells, frequently found in an embryo or fetus. Occasionally it forms before birth and can be found during a fetal ultrasound.

Palliative care seeks to improve quality of life. Palliative care can be better explained as the care given for the patients who was suffering with serious or life-threatening disease, such as cancer. It aims to prevent or treat the symptoms and the adverse effects of the cancer as early as possible, in addition to any associated social, psychological and spiritual problems. Palliative care is also known as supportive care, symptom management and comfort care. Anyone, irrespective of age or type and stage of cancer may obtain palliative care before, after, and during treatment. It also firmly influences the course of an illness and when applied early during an illness may extend life

Neuro-oncology deals with the study of spinal cord and brain neoplasms, many of which are very dangerous and life-threatening. It is a Subdivision of medicine that deals with all tumours of the brain and spinal cord, such as glioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma and ependymoma. The Neuro-Oncology department provides advanced treatment for patients with cancers of the brain and nervous system. Pediatric Neuro-oncology is presently a vibrant field of research. as brain tumours have become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children

Pediatric nursing is one of the greatest assets in the medical field to take care of infants, and children up to adolescence, so they may recover optimal health. It is the science of infant care and scientific analysis of childhood. The objective of pediatric is to normalize the life of the child during hospitalization in preparation for the family home, community, and school, reduce the impact of the child's unique condition, and foster maximal growth and development, prevention of disease and elevation of the health of the child. It is classified into different fields, these are neonatal nursing, pediatric emergency nursing, direct nursing care and palliative pediatric nursing (it involves fostering of maximal growth and development).

An adequate nutrition during cancer plays a significant role in numerous medical outcome measures, such as treatment response, cost of care, and quality of life. Nutrition is relevant to all components of cancer control including epidemiology, prevention, treatment, supportive care, diagnosis, rehabilitation, and survivorship. Nutrition is important for the health of all children, but it is mainly important for children getting cancer treatment. Eating the right kinds of foods before, during, and after treatment can help a child to stay healthy and strong. The main objective of nutrition care for pediatric cancer patients is to achieve normal growth, development, prevent problems, and normal activities.

Medical imaging denotes diverse technologies that are used to assess the human body to identify, monitor, or treat medical conditions. Moreover, medical imaging is often justified in the continuation of a disease already diagnosed and/or treated. Medical imaging, particularly X-ray based examinations and ultrasonography, is vital at all major levels of health care and in a variety of medical setting. Imaging findings in term neonates must be evaluated according to different rules from those used in other age groups.

Dermatology is the subdivision of medicine which deals with the skin, nails, hair and its diseases. It is a field with both medical and surgical aspects. Children sometimes have different symptoms and concerns for skin disorders and skin care when compared to adults. Some skin conditions are commonly seen in childhood and adolescence, like acne or eczema. Pediatric dermatology concentrates on the diagnosis, treatment and management of children’s skin, hair and nail conditions. These conditions can advance as children grow, or they can be existing from birth

Neonatology is the branch of medicine concerned with the development, care, and diseases of a newborn infant, especially the premature or ill infant. It is vital that the premature infants are should have been taken in an emergency unit. The patients of neonatologists are newborns who suffer from prematurity, low birth, weight, congenital malformations (birth defects, intrauterine growth retardation), cardiac disorders, sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia, etc.

Pediatrics is a term that deals with biological, environmental, and social influences the reducing the death rates of the infants and children and control the spreading of diseases which are pediatric infectious diseases which will be promoting the healthy life form vast diseases-free life to bring out the problems of children and adolescents.

Pediatric & Neonatal Hematology involves the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of blood diseases and blood-forming organs in the body of infants, children, and adolescents. A medical practitioner who specializes in the field of pediatric hematology, they will be referred to a Pediatric hematologist. Blood disorders involve problems in the body with blood vessels, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets, bone marrow and lymph nodes. The types of blood disorders in children and teens include; anemia which is a common blood disorder in which there are fewer RBCs (Red Blood Cells) in the body than normal, and concentration of hemoglobin is low in the blood. Sickle Cell disease is a group of blood disorders that prevent normal blood flow because of the effect on the hemoglobin within erythrocytes. It is the most common disorder. There are many other blood disorders that can occur in children, which can be diagnosed and treat by a Pediatric hematologist.

Pediatric & Neonatal Radiology deals with the imaging of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. A medical practitioner who specializes in this field is known as Pediatric Radiologist. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), a type of external beam radiation therapy, is the most commonly used approach for pediatric patients. This technology can precisely target a cancer cell, which reduces the radiation, delivered to the nearby normal tissue and minimizes side effects. X-rays, CT scanning, MRI scanning, Ultrasound and other radiological techniques are used for diagnosis and treatment purposes.

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. Blood cells and platelets are produced in the bone marrow of the individual. In leukemia, some new white blood cells (leukocytes) fail to mature properly. These immature white blood cells continue to reproduce at a rapid rate, crowding out healthy cells, and producing a host of symptoms. It is the most common cancer in children and teens. It affects almost one in three with cancer. It is usually described either as “acute”, which grows quickly, or “chronic”, which grows slowly. Most childhood leukemias are acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), it is a type of white blood cells which fights against infection. On the other hand, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is cancer of the blood in which too many myeloblasts, immature white blood cells, are produced in the bone marrow. Chronic leukemia’s are rare in children. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Hormones play a vital role in lashing a child’s growth and development. Endocrinology is a subdivision of medicine commence mutually on the hormones and the tissues and glands that produce them. Specializations comprise of comparative endocrinology and behavioural endocrinology. Endocrine disorders in the neonates are often diagnosed nowadays. These may lead to life-threatening sequences if not recognized. Some of the neonatal endocrine disorders include congenital hyperplasia, neonatal thyrotoxicosis, and hypopituitarism.

Pulmonology is a branch of medicine deals with the study of diseases concerning respiratory tract. Pulmonary medicine emphases on the diagnosis, prevention, causes, and treatment of illnesses affecting the lungs. The Pediatric Pulmonary Division offers extensive diagnostic and clinical services to infants, adolescents and children with acute and chronic respiratory disorders.

Neonatal & Pediatric Oncology is the term used to comprise all malignant conditions among neonates & children with cancer. The most common childhood cancers are leukemia (begins in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow), lymphoma (cancer in the cells of immune system), neuroblastoma (nerve cells), retinoblastoma (occurs in the tissues of the retina), Wilms tumor (kidney cancer), and brain tumors, such as gliomas. Childhood cancers are very rare and may differ from adult cancers in the way they grow, spread, treated, and respond to treatment.

Clinical pediatrics investigates about patterns on pediatric medicine for the human services of new-born children, youngsters, and youths through the investigation of pediatric maladies, analysis, treatment and administration. Clinical pediatrics is a therapeutic diary that take after to distribute and to accessible data on a difference in tyke focus mind themes alongside those of a clinical, logical, conduct, instructive, or moral nature. Clinical pediatrics sensitivity is additionally a standout amongst the most essential and generally contemplated regions in novel research of this field. Introductory location of disease in kids additionally is taking prior consideration in clinical pediatrics malignancy. This additionally advances fundamental, transnational and clinical sciences on all territories of pediatric research in all sub specialties.

Neonatology is the medical specialty of taking care of new born and premature babies. Clinical neonatology deals with offering medical assistance and taking care of sick babies, especially in a neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatologists are trained in the cutting-edge medicine necessary not only to keep infants alive, but to help them flourish and become normal, healthy children.

The conference will be an interdisciplinary program of neonatal and perinatal practice and research, giving the opportunity to participants to interact and share clinical and research experiences with colleagues in the neonatology community.